Rice residue management in the Indo-Gangetic Plains for climate and food security. A review
نویسندگان
چکیده
Abstract This paper reviews and analyzes the impact of residue burning on environment human health, influence ex-situ in-situ management reducing pollution improving soil crop yield, farmers’ economic benefits. Paddy is cultivated 43.8 Mha in India, producing 118.43 Mt grain an estimated 165.8 straw. Burning most common practice for managing rice residues mainly due to its simplicity, low cost, increased mechanical harvesting, short window between harvest wheat sowing, lack viable uses residues. Around 50 straw burned annually, nearly half which occurs northwestern India during October/November. a major contributor air pollution, emitting around 1.5 particulate matter, 150 carbon dioxide, other greenhouse gases (e.g., NO 2 , SO CO, CH 4 NH 3 ) volatile organic compounds, resulting wide range respiratory infections humans, reduced nutrient inputs, disturbed microbial activity. In-situ using Happy Seeder, Super system, paddy chopper cum spreader, reversible moldboard plow, or no-till seeder incorporates mulches residues, avoiding burnings. These operations are economically profitable as they reduce costs, increase yields, both. management, i.e., incorporation mulching improves soil’s physical, chemical biological properties considered better health than removal. Ex-situ biofuel, biochar, electricity generation bale making also reduces pollutant emissions.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Agronomy for Sustainable Development
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['1774-0746', '1773-0155']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-022-00817-0